Profil Psikologi Atlet Berpasukan Kriket Wanita Malaysia

Nur Syuhadah Sailan, Nelfianty Hj. Mohd Rasyid, santhira mathy subramaniam

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to identify the psychological profile of Malaysian female cricket athletes. The sample size consists of 21 Malaysian athletes who took part in Incheon Asian Sport, South Korea 2014. The type of questionnaire used in this research are the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) to evaluate athletes’ mental endurance; the Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) to assess athlete’s anxiety and the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) to evaluate coach’s leadership qualities. The data is analysed by means of a descriptive research method and standard variance. Only one respondent received the scores between 26-30 whilst the rest received scores between 0-22. The results suggest that Malaysian female cricket athletes possess low mental endurance. The primary factor that affects mental endurance is motivation. The study also established that the level of anxiety among athletes is moderate. Training and orders were found to be the general leadership qualities amongst the five dimension for athletes whilst the autocratic dimension is the least. As for the leadership qualities that is most commonly used by coaches is positive feedback whilst the least leadership dimension used is autocratic. The result this study provides considerable insight in the field of sports, especially to coaches and those who are involved in sports development from a psychological standpoint that may affect the performance of the athletes.

Kajian ini bertujuan mengenalpasti profil psikologi atlet kriket wanita Malaysia. Jumlah sampel kajian ini adalah terdiri daripada 21 atlet kriket wanita Malaysia yang menyertai Sukan Asia Incheon, Korea Selatan 2014. Soal selidik yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah soal selidik Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) untuk menguji ketahanan mental atlet; soal selidik Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) untuk menilai kebimbangan atlet; soal selidik Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) untuk menguji gaya kepimpinan jurulatih. Dapatan kajian telah dianalisis dengan kaedah deskriptif min dan sisihan piawai. Hanya seorang sahaja yang mendapat skor antara 26-30 dan selebihnya mendapat skor antara 0-22. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa atlet kriket wanita Malaysia mempunyai tahap kekuatan mental yang rendah. Faktor paling mempengaruhi kekuatan mental adalah faktor motivasi. Seterusnya, kajian mendapati tahap kebimbangan atlet berada di tahap yang sederhana. Manakala, dapatan bagi kepimpinan mengikut versi atlet mendapati bahawa antara 5 dimensi yang sering digunakan adalah dimensi latihan dan arahan. Manakala dimensi yang paling kurang digunakan adalah dimensi autokratik. Bagi dimensi kepimpinan mengikut versi kegemaran atlet pula, kajian mendapati bahawa dimensi kepimpinan maklum autokratik adalah yang paling kurang digemari. Hasil kajian untuk dimensi kepimpinan mengikut versi jurulatih mendapati dimensi yang sering digunakan oleh jurulatih adalah maklumbalas positif manakala dimensi kepimpinan yang paling kurang digunakan oleh jurulatih adalah autokratik. Hasil daripada kajian ini dapat memberi beberapa implikasi yang manfaat terhadap bidang sukan, khususnya kepada jurulatih dan pihak yang terlibat dalam pembangunan sukan mendalami aspek psikologi diri atlet yang akan mempengaruhi prestasi.

Keywords

Kebimbangan, kekuatan mental, dimensi kepimpinan

Full Text:

PDF

References

Andersen, M. B., Van Raalte, J. L., & Brewer, B. W. (2000). When applied sport psychology graduate students are impaired: Ethical and legal issues in supervision. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12, 134-149.

Alsagoff, S. A. (1986). Ilmu pendidikan: Pedagogi. Kuala Lumpur: Heinemann (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.

Anuar, D., & Dolorine M. (2013). Pengaruh Gaya Kepimpinan Jurulatih terhadap Kepuasan Atlet di Sekolah Sukan Malaysia. Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan, 3(2), 195-210.

Baumgartner, T. A., & Hensley, L. D. (2006). Conducting and Reading Research in Health and Human Performance (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Brewer, B. W., & Petrie, T. A. (1996). Psychopathology in sport and exercise. In J.L. Van Raalte & B. Brewer (Eds.). Exploring sport and exercise psychopathology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Bull, S. J., Shambrook, C. J., James, W., & Brooks, J. E. (2005). Toward an understanding of mental toughness in elite English cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 209-227.

Carmen, L. R., Zerman, J. L., & Blaine, G. B. (1968). Use of the Harvard psychiatric service by athletes and nonathletes. Mental Hygiene, 52, 134-137.

Clough, P. J., & Strycharczyk, D. (2012). Applied mental toughness: A tool kit for the 21st Century. London: Kogan Page Ltd. ISBN 978-0--9.

Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2007). A framework of mental toughness in the world's best performers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(2), 243-264.

Cox, R. H. (1994). Sport Psychology: Concepts and Application (4th ed.). Boston, MA: WCB/McGraw-Hill.

Chelladurai, P., & Salleh, S. D. (1980). Dimensions of Leader Behavior in Sports: Development of a Leadership Scale. Journal of Sport Psychology, 2, 34-45.

Chelladurai, P. (1984). Discrepancy between preferences and perceptions of leadership behavior and satisfaction of athletes in varying sports. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 27-41.

Declan, C., Ross, W., Sheldon, H., & Graham, J. (2008). The development and maintenance of mental toughness: Perceptions of elite performers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(1), 83-95.

Duda, J. L. (1998). Advances in Sport and Exercise Psychology Measurement. (pp. 371–390). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, Inc.

Gould, D., Hodge, K., Peterson, K., & Petlichkoff, L. (1987). Psychological Foundations of Coaching: Similarities and Differences Among Intercollegiate Wrestling Coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 1, 293-308.

Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2009). Evaluation of a Mental Toughness Training Program for Youth-Aged Australian Footballers: I. A Quantitative Analysis. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(3), 307-323.

Hanizah, H., & Sofian, O. F. (2003). Pengaruh tekanan serta kebimbangan terhadap prestasi atlet: Kaedah dan cara Mengatasinya. Dalam Mohd Sofian Omar Fauzee (Ed.), Penyelesaian masalah atlet melalui pendekatan psikologi. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distribution Sdn. Bhd.

Iso-Ahola, S. E., & Hatfield, B. (1986). Psychology of Sports: A Social Psychological Approach. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown.

Javier, S. L., Thalía. F., Juan, S. P., & Juan, A. M. M. (2013). Differences between Judo, Taekwondo and Kung-fu Athletes in Sustained Attention and Impulse Control. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 4(7), 607-612.

Jones, B. V., Sun, F., & Marchesi, J. R. (2007). Transposon-aided capture (TRACA) of plasmids resident in the human gut mobile metagenome. Nature Methods, 4, 55-61.

Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2007). A Framework of Mental Toughness in the World’s Best Performers. The Sport Psychologist, 21 (2), 243-264.

Klaffs, C. E. & Arnheim D. D. (1981). Modern Principles of Athletic Training. (5th ed.). St. Louis: The C.V Mosby Company.

Lydia, L., & Terry, O. (1991). Mental links to enhanced healing: an exploratory study. The Sport Psychologist, 5, 25-40.

Martens, R., Burton, D., Vealey, R. S., Bump, L. A., & Smith, D. E. (1990). Development and validation of the competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., & Burton, D. (Eds.), Competitive anxiety in sport (pp. 117-173). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Mohd Sofian Bin Omar Fauzee (2001). Psikolologi sukan: aplikasi teori dan praktikal. Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn.Bhd.

Mohd Sofian Bin Omar Fauzee (2002). Psikolologi sukan: Daya Tahan Mental dan Emosi di Kalangan Atlet. Utusan Publication & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.

Morris, T. R. (1990). Virginia and the voting rights act. University of Virginia (Institute of Government) News Letter, 66(10), 1-8. Retrieved from:

http://www.coopercenter.org/sites/default/files/autoVANLPubs/Virginia%20News%20Letter%201990%20Vol.%2066%20No.%2010.pdf

Mahoney, J. M., Gabriel, T. J., & Perkins, T. (1987). Psychological skill and exceptional athletic performance. The Sport Psychologist, 1, 81-199.

Norshilawati Abd Razak. (2009). Kesan intervensi pengurusan stress terhadap kebimbangan seketika, kebangkitan fisiologi dan prestasi atlet olahraga remaja Malaysia. Tesis PHD yang tidak diterbitkan. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.

Portal 1KLIK. Retrieved from: http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/home/225-kepentingan-sukan/13458-kebaikan- sukan-kepada-negara.html.

Richard, T., Neil, W., & Iain, G. (2005). Defining and Understanding Mental Toughness within Soccer. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(4), 326-332.

See, C.M. (2009). Music therapy protocol for children with special needs. Paper presented at Post Symposium Workshop. International Counselling and Social Work Symposium, 6-7 January 2009, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.

Shaharudin, A. A. (2001). Mengaplikasi teori psikologi dalam sukan. Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd.

Shaharudin, A. A. (2006). Mengaplikasi teori psikologi dalam sukan. Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd.

Sheard, M., & Golby, J. (2009). Investigating the 'rigid persistence paradox' in professional rugby union football. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(1), 101-114.

Sheldon H., dan Declan C., (2007). A Framework of Mental Toughness in the World’s Best Performers: The Sport Psychology.

Syahrul Ridhwan Bin Morazuki (2008). Kajian Tahap Kekuatan Mental Di Kalangan Atlet Karate Peringkat Universiti. Tesis yang tidak diterbitkan, Selangor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Suhaila S. (2008). Kajian tahap kekuatan mental di kalangan atlet karate peringkat universiti. Tesis yang tidak diterbitkan, Selangor: Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Stephen, J. B., Christopher, J. S., Wil, J., & Jocelyne, E. B. (2005). Towards an Understanding of Mental Toughness in Elite English Cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology ,17(3), 209-227.

Thelwell, R., Weston, N., & Greenless, l. (2005). Defining and understanding mental toughness in soccer. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 326-332.

Vasudevan T. A. (1991). Psikologi Sosial dalam Pendidikan Jasmani dan Sukan. Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.

Weinberg, R. S., & Comar, W. (1994). The effectiveness of psychological interventions in competitive sport. Sports Medicine, 18(6), 406-418.

Wiliam, D., & M. Thompson. (2008). Integrating assessment with learning: What will it take to make it work? In The future of assessment: Shaping teaching and learning (ed.). C.A. Dwyer, 53–82. New York: Erlbaum.

Yerkes, R. M. & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit formation. Journal of Comparative and Neurological Psychology, 18, 459- 482.

Zaidi Kassim (2003). Perbandingan tahap kebimbangan seketika dan keyakinan diri sebelum pertandingan di kalangan pemain bola tampar Upsi dalam kejohanan sukan MASUM 2002. Tesis yang tidak diterbitkan, Perak: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Zuraidah Mustafa (2003). Tahap kebimbangan seketika di antara atlet sukan individu dan atlet sukan berpasukan bawah 15 tahun di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Rantau, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus (Tesis yang tidak diterbitkan). Perak: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15282/mohe.v5i2.120