Email this article Postural control and functional performance after core training in young soccer players
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of an 8-week core training on balance and functional performance of young soccer players. Thirty young soccer players (age: 16.23 ± 0.69 years) were included in the study. Soccer players were randomly divided into two equal groups as control group and training group. The balance performance was measured with Balance Error Scoring System. Pro Agility Test was used for determining agility. The standing broad jump test used in order to detect explosive power of leg muscles was conducted in accordance with Eurofit Test Battery. Standing broad jump values were gathered for both of the legs, dominant leg and non-dominant leg. Triple-Hop Test was used to specify muscle strength, power and balance properties of subjects. Mann-Whitney U test for comparisons between groups and Wilcoxon test for pretest-posttest comparison were used. It was observed that standing broad jump in dominant leg of the training group increased after 8-week core training (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant change (p>0.05) in control group. After 8-week core training, standing broad jump performance with double-leg didn’t show any statistically significant difference for both of the groups (p>0.05). After the training, triple-hop test performance in the training group increased significantly (p<0.05), but there wasn’t any change for control group (p>0.05). When pretest-posttest performance results of subjects are compared it has been observed that agility test completion time of experimental group significantly decreased as 1. 10 yard (p<0.05), 2. 10 yard (p<0.05) and totally (p<0.05). On the other hand, a similar decrease was observed in control group as well (1. 10 yard: Z=-2.201; p<0.05, 2. 10 yard: Z=-1.992; p<0.05) and totally Z=-2.201; p<0.05). After an 8-week training, an statistically significant change wasn’t observed in soccer players’ balance performance measured by Balance Error Scoring System for both the training group and control group in all BESS scores p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of the research indicate that the soccer-specific 8-week core training program can improve the performance of broad jump and triple jump in non-dominant legs of young soccer players. On the other hand, the results indicates that it may not affect long jump, agility and balance performance in dominant leg.
References
Açıkada, C., Ergen, E. (1990). Bilim ve spor. Ankara: Büro-Tek Ofset Matbaacılık.
Aşçı, A. (2011). Core training practice in team and individual sport branches. 4th Conference of Training Sciences, Conference Proceeding (28-30 June 2011), Ankara, Turkey (In Turkish).
Atan, T. (2013). Effect of jogging and core training after supramaximal exercise on recovery. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 15(1), 73-77.
Balaji, E., Murugavel, K. (20139. Motor fitness parameters response to core strength training on Handbal Players. International Journal for Life Sciences and Educational Research, 1(2), 76-80.
Bergmark, A. (1989). Stability of the lumbar spine: A study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthop Scand, 230(Suppl.), 1-54.
Bolgla, L.A., Keskula, D.R. (1997). Reliability of lower extremity functional performance tests. J Orthop Sport Phys, 26(3), 138-142.
Brungardt, K., Brungardt, B., Brungardt, M. (2006). The Complete of Book Core Training. Harper Colins Special Markets Department. New York.
Chang, Y. (2000). Grace under pressure. Ten years ago, 5,000 people did the exercise routine called Pilates. The number now is 5 million in America alone. But what is it, exactly? Newsweek, 135(9), 72–73.
Childs, J.D., Teyhen, D.S., Benedict, T.M., Morris, J.B., Fortenberry, A.D., McQueen, R.M., Preston, J.B., Wright, A.C., Dugan, J.L., George, S.Z. (2009). Effects of sit-up training versus core stabilization exercises on sit-up performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 41(11), 72-83.
Cissik, J.M. (2011). The Role of core training in athletic performance, injury prevention, and injury treatment. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 33(1), 10-15.
Clark, M.A. (2001). Core stabilization training in rehabilitation. In: Techniques in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. Prentice, New York.
Cosio-lima, L.M., Reynolds, K.L., Winter, C., Paolone, V., Jones, M.T. (2003). Effects of physioball and conventional floor exercise on early phase adaptations in back and abdominal core stability and balance in women. J Strength Cond Res, 17, 721–725.
Drozd, M., Krzysztofik, M., Nawrocka, M., Krawczyk, M., Kotuła, K., Langer, A., Maszczyk, A. (2017). Analysis of the 30-m running speed test results in soccer players in third soccer leagues. Turk J Kin, 3(1), 1-5.
Erkmen, N., Taşkın, H., Sanioğlu, A., Kaplan, T. (2009). The effects of fatigue on balance performance in soccer players. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy: Sports Sciences, 4(4), 289-299.
Fig, G. (2005). Strength training for swimmers: Training the core. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 27(2), 40–42.
Franco, R.N., Loper, E.M., Lomas-Vega, R., Contreras, F.H., Amat, A.M. (2012). Effect of proprioceptive training program on core stability and center of gravity control in sprinters. J Strength Cond Res, 26(8), .
Freeman, J.A., Gear, M., Pauli, A., Cowan, P., Finnigan, C., Hunter, H., Mobberley, C., Nock, A., Sims, R., Thain, J. (2010). The effect of core stability training on balance and mobility in ambulant individuals with multiple sclerosis: a multi-centre series of single case studies. Mult Scler, 16(11), .
Hamilton, R.T., Shultz, S.J., Schmitz, R.J., Perrin, D.H. (2008). Triple-hop distance as a valid predictor of lower limb strength and power. J Athl Training, 43(2), 144-151.
Handzel, T.M. (2003). Core training for improved performance. NSCA’s Performance Training Journal, 2(6), 26-30.
Harman, E., Garhammer, J. (2008). Administration, scoring and interpretation of selected tests. In: Baechle TR, Earle RW, eds. Essentials of strength and conditioning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Herrington, L., Davies, R. (2005). The influence of Pilates training on the ability to contract the transverses abdominis muscle in asymptomatic individuals. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 9(1), 52-57.
Hodges, P., Hodges, P., Kaigle, Holm, A., Holm, S., Ekström, L., Cresswell, A., Hansson, T., Thorstensson, A. (2003). Intervertebral stiffness of the spine is increased by evoked contraction of transversus abdominis and the diaphragm: in vivo porcine studies. Spine, 28(23), .
Jull, G.A., Richardson, C.A. (2000). Motor control problems in patients with spinal pain: a new direction for therapeutic exercise. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 23(2), 115-117.
Larcom, A. (2013). The effects of balance training on dynamic balance capabilities in the elite australian rules footballer. Victoria University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Master Thesis of Applied Science, Australia.
Lederman, E. (2010). The myth of core stability. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies, 14(1), 84-98.
McGill, S.M. (1998). Low back exercises: Evidence for improving exercise regimens. Clin Phys Ther, 78, 754–765.
McGill, S.M., Grenier, S., Kavcic, N. (2003). Coordination of muscle activity to assure stability of the lumbar spine. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 13, 353-359.
Mengesh, M., Rani, S., Deyou, M. (2015). Effects of plyometric training on soccer related physical fitness variables of intercollegiate female soccer players. Turk J Kin, 1(1), 20-24.
Misuri, G., Colagrande, S., Gorini, M., Iandelli, I., Mancini, M., Duranti, R., Scano, G. (1997). In vivo ultrasound assessment of respiratory function of abdominal muscles in normal subjects. Eur Respir J, 10(12), .
Moresi, M.P., Bradshaw, E.J., Greene, D., Naughton, G. (2011). The assessment of adolescent female athletes using standing and reactive long jumps. Sports Biomechanics, 10(2), 73-84.
Nesser, T.W., Huxel, K.C., Tincher, J.L., Okada, T. (2008). The relationship between core stability and performance in Division I football players. J Strength Cond Res, 22, 1750–1754.
Noyes, F.R., Barber, S.D., Mangine, R.E. (1991). Abnormal lower limb symmetry determined by function hop tests after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Am J Sports Med, 19(5), 513-518.
Panjabi, M.M. (1992). The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. Journal of Spinal Disorders, 5(4), 383-389.
Riemann, B.L., Guskiewicz, K.M. (2000). Effects of mild head injury on postural stability as measured through clinical balance testing. J Athl Train, 35, 19–25.
Riemann, B.L., Guskiewicz, K.M., Shields, E.W. (1999). Relationship between clinical and forceplate measure of postural stability. J Sport Rehabil, 8, 71–82.
Rösch, D., Hodgson, R., Peterson, L., Graf-Baumann, T., Junge, A., Chomiak, J., Dvorak, J. (2000). Assessment and evaluation of football performance. Am J Sport Med, 28(Supl. 5), 29-39.
Salimi, H.R., Heidari, N., Salimi, A. (2016). The relation between somatotype with aerobic capacity and balance in the boys 11 - 13 years. Turk J Kin, 2(2), 23-26.
Sato, K., Mokha, M. (2009). Does core strength training influence running kinetics, lower-extremity stability, and 5000-m performance in runners? J Strength Cond Res, 23(1), 133–140.
Sekendiz, B., Cuğ, M., Korkusuz, F. (2010). Effects of Swiss-ball core strength training on strength, endurance, flexibility, and balance in sedentary women. J Strength Cond Res, 24(11), 3032–3040.
Sharma. A., Geovinson S.G., Singh Sandhu, J. (2012). Effects of a nine-week core strengthening exercise program on vertical jump performances and static balance in volleyball players with trunk instability. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 52(6), 606-615.
Smart, J., McCurdy, K., Miller, B., Pankey, R. (2011). The effect of core training on tennis serve velocity. J Strength Cond Res, 25(1), 103-104.
Snyder, A., Buechter, A., Schultz, K.K., Mansur, K. (2013). Effects of Short-term Dynamic Core Training on Agility. Available at http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/67461
Tse, M.A., McManus, A.M., Masters, R.S.W. (2005). Development and validation of a core endurance intervention program: Implications for performance in college-age rowers. J Strength Cond Res, 19, 547–552.
Valovich, T.C., Perrin, D.H, Gansneder, B.M. (2003). Repeat administration elicits a practice effect with the Balance Error Scoring System but not with the Standardized Assessment of Concussion in high school athletes. J Athl Train, 38, 51–56.
Willardson, J.M. (2007). Core stability training: Applications to sports conditioning programs. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(3), 979-985.
Willardson, J.M. (2008). A periodized approach for core training. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal, 12(1), 7-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15282/mohe.v7i2.234